Improvement in governors for marine engines



G. WESTINGHOSE, Jr. Governor for Marine-Engines.

No. 053ml @manfred my 2,1825.

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GEORGE XVESTINGHOUSE, JR., 0F PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSlGNO'R 0F FOUR-TENTHS HIS RIGHT TO RALPH BAGLEY, H. H. WESTINGHUSE, T. WV. "WELSH, J'. CALlDlVELL, AND S. H. SPRACHE, OF SAME :PLAGE` IMPROVEMENT EN GQVIRNRS FR Wiiiltsit MGEMES..

Specification foriningimrtcf Letters Patent No. it'iryii, dated July 2,1878; application .filed llIay 29, 1878.

To all whom yit may concern:

Re it known thatr I, GEORGE Wnsrirzd HOUSE, Jr., of Pittsburg, county of Alle gheny, State of Pennsylvania, have invented or discovered a new and useful Improvement in Governors for Marine Engines; and I dov hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, concise, and exact description thereof, reference loeing` had to the accompanying drawing, making a part of this specication,in whichlike letters indicating like paitsf-n l Figure l is a sectional view, illustrative of my improvement. Fig. 2 is a detached view of a portion oi' the same.

My' present invention relates to certain im.- provenlents in the class oi steam-engine gov ernors described in United States Patent No, 162,782, granted to me lllay a, 1875; my particular object being to adapt the said improveA ment for useon marine engines, in such man ner'tliat when, in consequence of the pitching or rolling of the vessel, the wheci or screw leaves the Water, or so far leaves it as to moet with little resistance, the supply of steam tc 'the cyiindere will be practically cnt oi, or

nearly so, and when the irlieel or screw again enters the water to the nsnai, or nearly the usual, working depth the steam1'iassages Wilt be again opened for tine supply of steam to the cylinders, the action in either case being automatic. l

The governor-ease C, with its cap Cl, has a' like construction and operation as in the patent above referred to, also, a pair ottweiglits, l) D1, with their arms f pivoted to the cap C, the inner ends of such arms engaging a collar, E, which is made on a holiow sleeve, EZ, the end ot' the latter terminating in 4a stem, El, which in tern enters the bore of the connect- 'ing-piece E. "Springs g1 g2, a jam-nut, c1, and

a hand-Wheel or thumbscrew, U2, are also eznplcyed in like manner and for like purposes as in the patent above named; but the end of the thumb-screw extends t' fwn the inside of 'the sleeve E2, es at e, ant. its lower end is connected ey a crosspin, e, with the sleeve E2, so that the function et' the set-screw reina-ins the same. The ends of the pin el piay in slots c2, to provide the necessary range of motion.

Further description of these parts will be found in the patent above named, like devices being designated by like letters. y

The case C revolves en the seat B3 of the eonpling-pieeen The valve-case AA has 'ports a el, entering1 its valvecnamner a, but by preference not in line with each other. This valve-chamber contains a piston-valve, s, iie'eng a face long enough to cover fnily the port el, or, at least, is so' made es to cut oit and open the supply or flow of steam through the chamber.. In order that may be perfectly balanced, a gioeve,4 a3, extends around the cna-mbe?, in the piane of the port al. This valve is mounted on a stem, e", which at one end enters a hole in the guiding-diaphragm al, at one end of the vaivechamber, and. the other enti of tite stein passes through a guiding-hele in the diaphragm Bl of the connecting-piece B, and enters the opensided chamber B2. Here the vaine-stem s abuts against a lever, IL, the function of which will be present-ly explained. interposed between the opposite side of the lever it and the end of the stein E* is a thrust-red, r, preferabiy made non-ifotating by means of a key, r1, or other equivalent device. .as the stein E' is a :cotating; device, 'the abutting ends ort it and the thrust-rod should lue made with Sme-il Wearing surfaces in Contact, and of hardened steel, the point oi contact being represented at if, The beit which drives the governor passes aramid the drain C3; or motion is communicated to it in other suitable way. 4 i

The opposite end ofthe stem e", passing throegn the diaphragm cf, against a disk, c, 'which is arranged on a eten' iii-"tite barrei ed, and. held up by' a sprin aou The port a leads to tite are er* conn dennen '.iiie port a nas antigeen comme i tion with the eyiinder i?, e of gre terior diametei' one' end so as to provide tot the use e. pistons It i3, or pistons ofdiiierenn ene tess. Bot-ii. pistons are the saine stein l2,

and. tins stem is so lwennected diie-ctfiy indi- 'tion of the latter.

Steam at any desired pressure is admitted to this cylinder by ports d d* d2, so that the piston I1 will be subject to steam-pressure on both sides, and the piston Iz will be subject to such pressure on one lside only. Then, assuming that the valve s is fully closed, or so nearly so that the pressure on the opposite sides of I will. 'be equal or nearly equal, the pressure en I will. open the throttle or valve, or hold it open, the reverse motion taking place when al is opened.

The port dz is made quite small as compared with the port (It, and preferably the size of the port-opening is regulated by a screw-valve, d. The ports d1 and d2 are preferably so made that they cannot be entirely closed or covered in oase the piston I?l comes to the full end of its stroke inA either direction; but in order that I" may be `cushioned when it comes to the end of the cylinder, I make an annular ring, p, on the outer face ot" the piston, which enters a recess, p', so as to out oit the escape ot steam at the port cl, and thereby confine a little steam. between the piston and the adjacent end ol' the cylinder.

ihe position of the pistons I1 and l, which regulate the oponin g er closing of the throttle, is regulated. by the position ,of the valve s. It' this valve ii'ally covers the port at, the throttle will 'be i'ully open, or open to the desired extent. It' s be opened very slightly, so that less steam. escapes at c than enters at d2, then the 'pistons I)l I will occupy a posi-v tion intermediate between the ends of their strokes, varying, however, with the pressure nd res' "tance but if the valves be depressed or mover in the direction of the barrel A so i'ur as ,wholl y to uncover the port al, or nearly so, then -the steam ou the adjacent side of the piston I" will escape, the pistons w iii be forced over in that direction by excess of steampressure on I", and the throttle will be fully closed.

rlhe variations of position in the valvesare effected. by the revolving weights I) D. As they move outward by centrifugal force, they, acting through E, ll, 13h, and s', tend to throw the valve s cti' the port el, and the extent ot such tendency depends on the rapidity of their motion.

It thewhecl or screw leaves the water, or a considerable part ot' itemerges, the decrease ot' resistance will result in the communication tothe governor of a greatly accelerated speed. This instantly shifts the valve s, so as to uncover the port al and thereby close the throttle. is the wheel or screw again takes the water, resistanceis increased or restored, the. governor takes a less speed, and the portel is partially or wholly closed, with the resultof partially or 'fully opening the throttle.

In the practical use of this apparatus'with the best results, considerable accuracy of adjustnient is required. This is eliected, v1u

G2, already made snliicieutly clear, but also by the use ot' the springs y1, g2, and n?. The spring n2 is intended to be strong enough or stit't' enough to force the valve s onto the port al, partially or wholly, whenever the weights decrease their speed, or cease toact, as the :ase may be; though other means may be employed, wholly or in. part, i'or the saine purpose-as,

which is exerted in the same direction; but by turning out or unscrewiug the screw the pins cl will be raised in the slots e2, and the springs gl will be compressed, as a result the engine will be correspondingly increased.

have the opposite effect.

The spring g2 is partly designedl as a partial counter-balance to the other springs named; but its chief function is to prevent the weights D D' from flying out when the engine crosses .the center; butas this provision for varying the speed of the engine would necessita-tc the stopping of the governor, I 'add the lever h, above referred to, and its connected devices for the same purpose. This lever is pivoted as at 11,', and to its outer end I join a stem, m, which passes through a fixed eye, ii.' On this stein is a spring, m', the ends ot' which bea-r against the eye r and an adjusting-nut, e'. As regards the valve s and the governor, this, spring acts exactly asthe spring g1, and by turning up or loosening the nut o the speed of the engine can be varied at pleasure, without stopping or otherwise arresting its niotion:

The piston-stein I73 may obviously be connected with any desired form of valve device in the steam-pipe at any point between the boiler and the engine-cylinder, such valve device have called a throttle and I consider it within my invention to malte a connection from the piston I to the reversing-gear 0f a marine engine for the purpose ot' automatically cutting ot steam when the screw is thrown out of the water, and letting it on again when the screw re-enters the water; but this will be included in a separate application Also, substantially the same construction of devices may be appliedto other engines havin variable cut-otis, or for which it is suitable also, the differential pistons (by which I mean. pistons of diifercnt diameters) may be arranged in separate cylinders of different diameters, it' so preferred, with aeommon connection to the throttle, so that both shall stili co-0perate,'sub stantially-in the manner set forth, in giving to such throttle the motions described under the circumstances stated.

I claim herein as my invention- 1. rIhe combination of a centri fugally-actin g )art b the use ot the 'valve d and srt-screw l 7 for example, the spring y, the elastic force ot" ot' which the resistance te the uncovering of thcrport al willbe greater, and the speed `ot"- The slacking of the screw C2 will, -ot course,-

being the mechanical equivalent of what I revolving governor, a pair of differential pistons in :i Cviintlor or cylinders, and n volvo ope atetlby such governor in opening the escapoport, substantially asset forth.

2. he combination of n piston-stom oonnoototl with the throttle, ft-` poil* ot' pistons of dit'erent diameters in a suitable cylinder or Cylinders, stoom-supply ports to one sido of @noli piston, a steam escapo port, al, opened und closed by nvnlve xvholiis operated by the governor, substantially as sot forth.

3. A piston-stein, P3, from 'which to molto connection with the throttle, such piston-Stein carrying two pistons, P1 P2, of diliorent dininoters, a. Cylinder, P, a free. or open port, di, :1 choked or reduced port, d, and :l` valvogov ernod escape-port, al, the combination being; substantially as set forth.

4. The combination of a governor, a pair of differential.pistons in a cylinder, :i volvo opornted by the governor in opening tho escapo port ot' such Cylinder, and n spring` with vuriabletonsion, for varying the et'ect produced hy tho `governor, and thorohj; varying tho spoed ot' the main engine, snbstnntially as sot forth.

5. In combination with :i governor mul n volvo governing the oscnpoport of a` (init-ironl tial cylinder, a lover, 71, interposed in the linotn Connection from tho governor to tho valve,

n` spring connected thorowith, nml moans ol' regulating the oiiectivo force ot' tho spring, substantially as set forth.

1n testimony whereof I hnvo hereunto Soft m5* linnd.

GHG. WESTXXGHOVMS, Jn. Wt-liessen:

JNO. RM. MILLARD, G. F. WARREN. 

